Wind Powered Mobile Phone Charger

                                       

1.    INTRODUCTION

          

     Charging of the mobile phone, cell phone battery is a big problem while traveling as power supply source is not generally accessible. If you keep your cell phone switched on continuously, its battery will go flat within five to six hours, making the cell phone useless. Using the USB port on your computer to charge your player’s batteries is not always practical. What if you do not have a computer available at the time or if you do not want to power up a computer just for charging Or what if you are traveling Chargers for Mobile Phones iPods and MP3 players are available but they are expensive and you need separate models for charging at home and in the car.

     This charger can be used virtually anywhere. Here Wind energy is used to get 12v with the help of generator. While we call the unit a charger, it really is nothing more than a 5V supply that has a USB outlet. The actual charging circuit is incorporated within the iPod or MP3 player itself, which only requires a 5V supply. As well as charging, this supply can run USB-powered accessories such as reading lights, fans and chargers, particularly for mobile phones.

      The supply is housed in a small plastic case with a DC input socket at one end and a USB type "A" outlet at the other end, for connecting to Mobile Phone, an iPod or MP3 player when charging.

2.    BLOCK DIAGRAM

Wind

2.1BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

Blades of the fans capture kinetic energy, or the energy of motion, from the movement of the wind. The shaft spins, creates rotational energy, and it transfers this energy over to a generator. Here we are using a 12 volt gear motor as generator. The MC34063A containing the primary functions required for DC–to–DC converters. Controlled duty cycle oscillates with an active current limit circuit, driver and high current output switch. This series was specifically designed to be incorporated in Step–Down applications with a minimum number of external components. Zener diode control the voltage and provide 5v or below 5v at the output. A LED shows when power is available at the USB socket. Maximum current output is 660mA, more than adequate to run any USB-powered accessory.  The out is taken across the USB and can directly give to the mobile.

3.    CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.1CIRCUIT DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

Parts
P1 = 1K, 

R1 = 1R-0.5W, 

R2 = 1R-0.5W,   

R3 = 1R-0.5W,  

R4 = 1K,

R5 = 560R,  

R6 = 10R-0.5W, 

R7 = 470R
C1 = 470uF-25V,  

C2 = 100nF-63V,  

C3 = 470Pf,   

C4 = 100uF-25V

D1 = 1N5404,

D2 = 1N4001,

D3 = 1N5819,

D4 = 5.1V-1W Zener Diode,

D5 = 5mm. Red LED
L1 = 220uH
S1 = USB 'A' Type Socket
IC= MC34063A
                                             Specification

Output voltage-----------------------------------------------------------------------------5V
Output current------------------------------------------------660mA maximumfor5Vout
Input voltage range----------------------------------------------------------9.5Vto15VDC
Input current requirement---------------------500mAfor9Vin,350mAfor>12Vinput
Input current with output shorted----------------120mat9Vin,80mAat15Vin
Output ripple--------------------------------------------14mV(from no load to 660mA)
Load regulation-------------------------------------25mV (from no load to 660mA)
Line regulation ------------20mV change at full load from 9 to 18V input
No load input current   ------------------------------------------------------------------20m

4.    WORKING

Mobile phones can usually accept a relatively wide range of voltages as long as it is sufficiently above the phone battery's voltage. However, if the voltage is too high, it can damage the phone. Mostly, the voltage is 5 volts or slightly higher, but it can sometimes vary up to 12 volts when the power source is not loaded .We are charging batteries by connecting them to a wind-powered generator, consisting of fan blades, a rotor that picks up energy from the blades and accelerates it, and a motor which receives energy from the rotor and produces DC current.

When we use massive fans to generate electric power, we're relying on the motion of wind. In the simplest terms, the blades of the fans capture kinetic energy, or the energy of motion, from the movement of the wind. As the blades spin, so does the shaft that the blades are attached to. As the shaft spins, it creates rotational energy, and it transfers this energy over to a generator. A generator, in the case of a wind turbine, is simply a set of magnets that spin around a coiled wire. The magnets spinning around the wire create an electrical current, providing us with power. Build a DC generator by turning a 12 volt DC motor in reverse. At its most basic, a DC generator simply requires the oscillation of a magnetic field and a coil of wire to capture the electricity. You could easily demonstrate this principle with a refrigerator magnet and a coil of copper wire attached to a 1.5-volt light bulb. The simplest way to build a DC generator for home use is to apply force to a 12-volt DC motor to spin the axle in reverse. Here we are using a 12 volt gear motor as generator.

Phones have rechargeable batteries inside which need to be charged with a DC voltage (slightly higher than the battery voltage). Simple phone chargers provide this DC voltage.12 dc volt generated from the gear motor is taken as input. Here wind energy is used to generate 12v, by the rotation of fan leaf generator shaft get rotated and 12v will generate. The generated 9-15v, 500ma is the input supply. This will pass through IC MC34063A and voltage become 5v

and current become 660ma, zener diode prevent high voltages so output voltage always will be 5v.

            The MC34063A Series is a monolithic control circuit containing the primary functions required for DC–to–DC converters. These devices consist of an internal temperature compensated reference, comparator, controlled duty cycle oscillator with an active current limit circuit, driver and high current output switch. This series was specifically designed to be incorporated in Step–Down and Step–Up and Voltage–Inverting applications with a minimum number of external components. Here mc34063 act as a step down converter. That is 12v is step down to 5v.

After that there is a filter circuit that cleans the voltage before giving out on the charger pins. This voltage is used for charging the phone. More advanced and well designed phone chargers have semiconductor IC based regulators, convertors for clean and have short circuit protection built-in. The circuit is based around an MC34063 switch mode regulator. This has high efficiency so that there is very little heat produced inside the box, even when delivering its maximum output current.

In the diagram a zener diode connected to a voltage source with a current limiting resistor. There is no resistance to the change in voltage until the zone reaches 5 volts. Any voltage between 0 and 5 volts will be unregulated and will fluctuate with the voltage exerted on the resistor. A LED shows when power is available at the USB socket. Maximum current output is 660mA, more than adequate to run any USB-powered accessory Since the Universal Serial Bus specification provides for a five-volt power supply, it is possible to use a USB cable as a power source for recharging batteries. Output is taken across the USB socket. This is given to mobile phone /iPod. Products based on this approach include chargers for cellular phones and portable digital audio players.

                 

5. MAIN COMPONENTS

 5.1 . Wind generator

              A device that captures the force of the wind to provide rotational motion to produce power with an generator. Wind generators are "active" electricity producers. If the wind is blowing, they will produce current whether the battery bank needs the charge or not. In order to prevent damage to the wind turbine, all of the electricity it produces must be "used" in some way.

5.2 Gear Motors

5.2.1 Definition

                                             

                                                    fig:2.1

           A gear motor is a type of electrical motor. Like all electrical motors, it uses the magnetism induced by an electrical current to rotate a rotor that is connected to a shaft. The energy transferred from the rotor to the shaft is then used to power a connected device. In a gear motor, the energy output is used to turn a series of gears in an integrated gear train. There are a number of different types of gear motors, but the most common are AC (alternating current) and DC (direct current).

5.2.2        Function

                                              

                                                        fig:2.2

    

      In a gear motor, the magnetic current (which can be produced by either permanent magnets or electromagnets) turns gears that are either in a gear reduction unit or in an  integrated gear box. A second shaft is connected to these gears. The result is that the gears greatly increase the amount of torque the motor is capable of producing while simultaneously slowing down the motor's output speed. The motor will not need to draw as much current to function and will move more slowly, but will provide greater torque.

5.2.3 Uses

fig:2.3

             Gear motors are commonly used in conveyor-belt drives, home appliances, in handicap and platform lifts, medical and laboratory equipment, machine tools, packaging machinery and printing presses. A special type of gear motor, the servo motor, provides more power in a compact, precise fashion, and is used when a motor with a rapid, accurate response is needed.

5.3 I  C MC34063

The MC34063A Series is a monolithic control circuit containing the primary functions required for DC–to–DC converters. These devices consist of an internal temperature compensated reference, comparator, controlled duty cycle oscillator with an active current limit circuit, driver and high current output switch. This series was specifically designed to be incorporated in Step–Down and Step–Up and Voltage–Inverting applications with a minimum number of external components.  

                             

               

FEATURES

·                     Minimum number of external components.

·                     3V to 30V Input Voltage Operation.

·                     Internal 1.6A Peak Current Switch.

·                     Internal 1.8% Reference.

·                     Low Quiescent Current at 1.6mA.

·                     Frequency Operation from 100Hz to 100 KHz.

·                     Current Limiting.

APPLICATIONS

Saver for Cellular phones

 DC-DC Converter Module

                                 Figure 3.1: pin connection of IC MC34063A

  

             As stated in the datasheet, The MC34063A operates from 3V to 40V input voltage and consists of a monolithic control circuit containing the primary functions required for DC–to–DC converters. It has low standby current, current

limiting, up to 1.5A of output switch current, an output voltage adjustable, and up to 100kHz of frequency operation in its features.

5.3.1 The step-down converter(MC34063A)

            The step down converter is the power unit to make the output voltage which is lower than the input voltage. The converter which was made this time makes +2V to +10V output voltage with the input voltage of +12V. Because it makes the limitation value of the input electric current about 1.3A, the maximum with the input electric power is about 16W.

5.3.2The reference voltage comparison block

            The reference voltage is 1.25 V. It detects whether or not the comparative voltage to have made with the output voltage is lower or higher than the reference voltage with the comparator. The switching regulator injects the electric power to the output from the input if the comparative voltage is lower than the reference voltage and works to restrain the electric power to the output if the comparative voltage is high. The side of the negative of the reference voltage may are not the grounding. With this, regulator can work in the inverting.

           

             The comparative voltage is made by the voltage drop of R1 and R2. R1 and R2 are the external part. The comparative voltage is connected with the negative input of the comparator. The 1.25-V voltage is output from the reference regulator. The reference voltage is connected with the positive input of the comparator.When the comparative voltage is higher than the reference voltage, the output of the comparator becomes the L level. When the comparative voltage is lower than the reference voltage, the output of the comparator becomes the H level. I explain behind, the regulator restrains the supply of electric power to the

output when the output of the comparator becomes the L level. The supply of electric power is worked when the output of the comparator becomes the H-level.You can change the output voltage by changing the value of R1 .In case of the step-up or the step-down converter, the external circuit makes be introducing in this corner

In case of the inverting converter, you make the external circuit like the figure on the left. The electric current which flows through R2 increases when the output voltage becomes high on the side of the negative. With it, the voltage of the both edges of R2 goes up. Then, the comparative voltage becomes higher than the reference voltage and the output of the comparator becomes the L level. The supply of electric power to the output is restrained by it and the output voltage becomes low to the side of the positive. When the output voltage becomes low on the side of the positive, voltage of

R2 goes down and the comparative voltage becomes lower than the reference voltage. In the case, the output of the comparator becomes the H level, the supply of electric power to the output is done and the output voltage becomes high to the side of the negative. You can change the output voltage by changing the value of R1.

5.3.3 The oscillation circuit block

        The oscillation frequency (the switching frequency) can be changed with the capacitor of the external. The output of the oscillation circuit is applied to the flip-flop for the switching control and drives the switching transistors. The oscillation circuit manages the function of the over-current detection more. It detects the voltage of the over-current detection resistor which is inserted in the input circuit. In case of the over-current condition, it restrains the oscillation operation and it protects the switching transistors from the destruction. The detection voltage of the over-current is 0.3 V.This time, I used the 0.22-ohm resistor as Rsc. The upper limit value of the input electric current becomes 0.3^V / 0.22^ohm = 1.36 A. Because the consumption electric power of the resistor was (1.36^A)² x 0.22^ohm = 0.41 W, I used the 1-W one

Fig:3.6  -switching block

         The switching transistors are controlled by the output of the comparator and the output of the oscillator. The (FF) is used for the control of the transistor. The Q becomes the H level when S becomes the L level in SR-FF. However, as for the FF which is used here, the inverter (making the L and H opposite) is added to the output. In the explanation of the following of me, it makes the output of the inverter the Q. The Q becomes the L level when S becomes the L level. Also, the Q becomes the H level when R becomes the L level. When S is the L level, irrespective of the condition of R, the Q becomes the L level. This inverter isn't written at the data sheet. The inverter is necessary when thinking of the regulator operation. The white circle expresses the inverter by the circuit diagram. Because the switching transistor becomes OFF when the comparative voltage is higher than the reference voltage

	When The output of the comparator is the L level
		(When (the comparative voltage is higher than the reference voltage)

      

   When the comparative voltage is higher than the reference voltage, the output of the comparator becomes the L level. When any one of the input of the NAND gate (N) becomes the L level, the output becomes the L level. Because it is, in this case, irrespective of the output of the oscillator (OSC), S becomes the L level. When S is the L level, the Q, too, becomes the L level and the switching transistors become the OFF condition. When the switching transistors are OFF, the supply of electric power to the output is restrained and the output voltage falls.

When the output of the comparator is the H level
	(When the comparative voltage is lower than the reference voltage)

When the comparative voltage is higher than the reference voltage, the output of the comparator (C) becomes the H level. In this case, the output of the NAND gate

(N) changes according to the condition of the oscillator(OSC).When the output of the OSC is the H level, the output of N becomes H. The inverter is added to R, too.

Because it is, when the output of the OSC is H, R becomes the L level and the becoming Q becomes the H level. When the Q becomes H, the switching transistors become the ON condition

        When the output of the OSC is the L level, the output of N, too, becomes the L. In this case, because the Q becomes the L, the switching transistors become the OFF condition. Mentioned above, when the output of the comparator is the H level, the switching transistors switch over by the oscillation of the OSC. When the output voltage falls from the set voltage, the regulator supplies the electric power to the output by the switching operation. When the output voltage becomes higher than the set voltage, the regulator stops the switching operation and stops the supply of electric power to the output. In case of MC34063A; it isn't doing the way of changing the switching pulse duration like LM2575 as the way of controlling the voltage. It is doing the way of controlling the switching operation in ups and downs with the output voltage.

5.3.4 The operation of the step down converter

The circuit on the left is the basic circuit of the step down converter. The input electric power is sent to the output circuit by the switching operation of the regulator. The coil of the output circuit stores up the input electric power when TR is ON. Then, it slips the electrical energy which was stored up when TR was OFF to the output and it supplies the load with the electric power. The capacitor of the output circuit does the supply of electrical power to the load in the leveling like the induction coil.

When TR is ON, the input electric power is supplied to the capacitor (C2) and the load through the coil (L1). At this time, the electrical energy is stored up at the coil (L1) and the capacitor (C2). At this time, the side of the input of the induction coil becomes positive potential and the side of the output becomes the negative potential.

                                                            Fig:3.12

       When TR becomes OFF, the coil slips the electrical energy which was stored up by trying to continue to pass the electric current. (Lenz's law) At this time, the side of the input of the coil becomes negative and the side of the output becomes the positive potential. It becomes such potential because it tries to continue to pass the electric current. The electrical energy which was stored up at the coil is supplied through the load and the diode. When there is not a diode, the electrical energy which was stored up at the coil cannot be supplied. At this same time, the electrical energy which was stored up at the capacitor is completely supplied to the load present in the output too.

       The input electric power is again applied through TR when TR becomes ON. This electric power is supplied to the load but the part is stored up at the coil and the capacitor. When the countercurrent isn't prevented with the diode when TR becomes ON, the input electric power flows to the ground through the diode and isn't supplied to the load. Because it is, the diode must be used the the shottky barrier diode or the first recovery diode.

5.4 POT

             The humble potentiometer (or pot, as it is more commonly known) is a simple electro-mechanical transducer. It converts rotary or linear motion from the operator into a change of resistance, and this change is (or can be) used to control anything from the volume of a hi-fi system to the direction of a huge container ship. The pot as we know it was originally known as a rheostat (or rheostat in some texts) - essentially a variable wire wound resistor. Power - A pot with a power rating of (say) 0.5W will have a maximum voltage that can exist across the pot before the rating is exceeded. All power ratings are with the entire resistance element in circuit, so maximum dissipation reduces as the resistance is reduced (assuming series or "two terminal" rheostat wiring). Let's look at the 0.5W pot, and 10k is a good value to start with for explanation.

If the maximum dissipation is 0.5W and the resistance is 10k, then the maximum current that may flow through the entire resistance element is determined

by..

                              P=I*I*R

Therefore,
                              I =√P / R

 So,    I = 7m

                  In fact, 7mA is the maximum current that can flow in any part of the resistance element, so if the 10k pot were set to a resistance of 1k, current is still 7mA, and maximum power is now only 50mW, and not the 500mW we had before. Voltage across resistance element - The maximum voltage across the example pot from above is 70v or 10k*7mA. This will rarely (if ever) be achieved in an audio system, but is easy with many other designs. As the resistance increases, so does the

voltage - a  0.5W 1M pot will pass only 700uA at maximum power rating, but the voltage needed to create this current is 700V

5.5  ZENER DIODES              

         Zener diodes are generally used for voltage regulation. The diodes are used with reverse polarity when compared to their rectifier counterparts (you hook them up backwards to make them work properly). All diodes have a point at which they will conduct current when sufficient reverse voltage is applied. Most diodes are damaged when the reverse voltage reaches the breakdown (or avalanche) voltage. This is primarily due to the lack of any current limiting resistor. Zener diode circuits have a current limiting resistor in series with the diode as part of their design. If the positive terminal of the battery is connected to the resistor and the other end of the resistor is connected to the cathode of the zener. The other end of the zener, the anode, is connected to ground. If the zener diode is a 5.1 volt zener, the voltage on the cathode of the zener will be very close to 5.1 volts. The voltage is going to be close (but not usually exactly) the rated zener voltage. You can sometimes get the voltage very close to its rated zener voltage by varying the value of the resistor. This changes the current flow through the diode. This type of circuit is good for use as a voltage reference but it is not very good to supply regulated voltage to circuits that draw a large amount of current

                          

                                                       

                                                Fig: 5.1 - 5.1V Zener Diode  

            This unit has a minimum voltage of 4.845 V and a maximum voltage of 5.355 V, with a leakage current of 1 V and a test current of 49 mA.Zener diodes differ from regular diodes in that they have a varying "reverse-breakdown" voltage. That means you apply voltage across them, and when a preset voltage is reached, they start conducting. A common analogy is a "pressure relief valve". They have lots of uses, especially in safety circuits where you want to make sure a voltage signal doesn't exceed a limit that might damage the circuit. This 1N4728A zener diode is set at 5.1V, making it ideal for protecting the inputs of a 5V circuit. Specifically, it has a minimum voltage of 4.845 V and a maximum voltage of 5.355 V, with a leakage current of 1 V and a test currentof49mA.

Specifications:

Voltage - Zener (Nom) (Vz): 3.3V
Power - Max: 1W
Impedance (Max) (Zzt): 10 Ohm
Voltage - Forward (Vf) (Max) @ If: -
Current - Reverse Leakage Vr: 100µA @ 1V
Tolerance: ±5%
Mounting Type: Through Hole, Axial
Package / Case: DO-41, Axial
Operating Temperature: -65°C ~ 200°C
Other Names: 1N5338BG

5.6  Universal Serial Bus

         Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a specification to establish communication between devices and a host controller (usually a personal computer) USB has effectively replaced a variety of interfaces such as serial and parallel ports.

       USB can connect computer peripherals such as mice, keyboards, digital cameras, printers, personal media players, flash drives, Network Adapters, and external hard drives. For many of those devices, USB has become the standard

connection method.USB was designed for personal computers, but it has become  commonplace on other devices such as smart phones, PDAs and video game consoles, and as a power cord. As of 2008^[update], there are about 2 billion USB devices sold per year, and approximately 6 billion total sold to date Unlike the older connection standards RS-232 or Parallel port, USB connectors also supply electric power, so many devices connected by USB do not need a power source of their own.

          5.6.1 Standard type A

        The USB 2.0 Standard-A type of USB plug is a flattened rectangle which inserts into a "downstream-port" receptacle on the USB host, or a hub, and carries both power and data. This plug is frequently seen on cables that are permanently attached to a device, such as one connecting a keyboard or mouse to the computer via USB connection.USB connections eventually wear out as the connection loosens through repeated plugging and unplugging.

6.  PCB FABRICATION

6.1PCB LAYOUT

The printed circuit board manufacturing process is a difficult and complex series of operations to make a printed circuit board. Triangle Circuits' years of experience in manufacturing circuit boards has made us a preferred supplier of printed circuit boards for industry leading OEM's and Electronic Contract Manufacturers since 1979.

We believe that by sharing our knowledge of the manufacturing process you will not only better understand the steps we take to manufacture a printed circuit board but also see the importance of each step in the process. We believe you will see why Triangle Circuits offers the best in quality, customer service and on time delivery for you.

6.1.1     The Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing Process:

The process starts once your files and specifications have been sent to Triangle Circuits. Our engineers review each order to ensure design for

manufacturability and proper selection of materials and technologies before manufacturing begins.

6.1.2 Patterning\ Etching

The majority of printed circuit boards are manufactured by applying a layer of copper over the entire surface of the circuit board substrate either on one side or both sides. This creates what is referred to as a blank printed circuit board, meaning the copper is everywhere on the surface. From here the unwanted areas are removed, this is called a subtractive method, the most common subtractive method is known as photoengraving.

6.1.3     Photoengraving

The photoengraving process uses a mask or photo mask combined with chemical etching to subtract the copper areas from the circuit board substrate The photo mask is created with a photo plotter which takes the design from a CAD PCB software program. Lower resolution photo masks are sometimes created with the use of a laser printer using a transparency.

6.1.4     Lamination

Many printed circuit boards are made up of multiple layers; these are referred to as multi-layer printed circuit boards. They consist of several thin etched boards or trace layers and are bonded together through the process of lamination.

6.1.5  Drilling

Each layer of the printed circuit board requires the ability of one layer to connect to another; this is achieved through drilling small holes called "VIAS".

These drilled holes require precision placement and are most commonly done with

the use of an automated drilling machine. These machines are driven by computer programs and files called numerically controlled drill or (NCD) files also referred

to as excellent files. These files determine the position and size of each file in the design. Some files require very small vias to be drilled which results in heavy wear and tear of the drill bit itself. Drilling through different substrates may require the drill bit to be made of tungsten carbide and are costlier than other materials but required to provide a proper hole.

Controlled depth drilling can be used to drill just one layer of the circuit board rather than drilling through all the layers. This can be accomplished by drilling the individual sheets or layers of the PCB prior to lamination.

·   Blind Vias   :  Is when the holes connect a layer to the outside surface

·   Buried Vias : Is when the holes only connect interior layers and not to the outside

   surface.

The walls of each hole (for multi-layer boards) are copper plated to form plated- through holes that connect the conductive layers of the printed circuit board.

6.1.6  Solder Plating \ Solder Resist

Pads and lands which will require components to be mounted on are plated to allow solder ability of the components. Bare copper is not readily solder able and requires the surface to be plated with a material that facilitates soldering. In the past a lead based tin was used to plate the surfaces, but with RoHS compliance enacted newer materials are being used such as nickel and gold to both offer solder ability and comply with RoHS standards.

6.2 SOLDERING PROCESS

The principles of good soldering practice include the following:

1.      Selection of the proper joint design and clearance.

2.      Selection of the right solder and flux.

3.      Adequately cleaning the joint components.

4.      Fluxing and assembling components with proper preplacement or addition of solder.

5.      Heating the joint to the right soldering temperature for optimum time. The soldering operation is performed by bringing molten solder in contact with the preheated surfaces and heating the joint area to a good wetting temperature. This is roughly 55 to 80°C above the melting point of the solder alloy itself. Under these conditions, good wetting can occur.

6.      The solder is then left to cool and freeze as quickly as possible in order to avoid disturbing the joint during solidification and causing internal micro cracks to form.

7.      The soldered joint is then cleaned to remove any undesirable flux residues on the surfaces and to ensure the integrity of the soldered joint.

7.    ADVANTAGE

          Wind power is a clean, renewable source of energy that you can harness to power your home appliances or charge batteries.    The wind powered charger concept design for a case for a circuit that uses a wind turbine to provide charge for your device. It allows you to continually top up the charge of your mobile or ipod while you are out and about, as long as there is a wind.

         These have been designed to allow you to extend the charge of your mobile phone by taking advantages of any wind around you. This circuit which consist a wind fan, which put aside the phone to allow to charge whenever the fan leaf are moved by the wind. This setup requires 4 hours to charge you’re mobile fully, though this time reduces when subjected to faster wind. These design the leaf to make the fan more efficient to further shorten the charging time. The phone would need to be placed or held in an area with at least a wind for it to charge, especially in train, and held in position for the leaf to move. If the design can be improved, perhaps with attachment for a bike or arm and by improving the leaf efficiency, these may be much needed eco-friendly charger.

                                         

                                           

8.    DISADVANTAGES

          This equipment is large in size due to large fan leafs. Depending on the size of fan leafs the size of the charger can be changed. When the size of the fan leaf is increased this charger will work even in small wind. But it is difficult to carry. When the size of the fan leaf is decreased it needs large air current for smooth working.

9.    CONCLUSION

We are proud to express our delight as the project we embarked upon is successfully finished within the target date .The project give as more confidence that we will be able to put in practice, whatever theoretical we gained during our course of study till now .if really persuades us to do more and more, perhaps in better way in future.

Here we charge the mobile phone battery using wind energy. By using wind energy the generator generate 12v dc with 500ma.IC MC43046 act as step-down converter, zener regulate the voltage and we get 5v, 660ma at the USB socket. And this is directly used to charge the mobile.

We take this opportunity to thank everyone once again who contributed directly or indirectly for successful completion of the project.        

APPENDIX

Table 1: electrical characteristics of IC MC34063A

Table 2: maximum rating of IC MC34063A

Table 3: electrical characteristics of IC MC34063A