INTRODUCTION
The traffic system currently available in the market is having fixed
timed setting between sequences. This timing is worked out based on traffic
surveys made in concern area or junction. Different time intervals are preset
in the system, which is selected at different time sectors of the day. Lack of
such a traffic system in our college area causes many traffic problems such as
blocks and accidents. This made us to think of a traffic control system in this
area.
In our model we introduce three systems: 1.Traffic control unit, .Overload
detector, and 3.Private vehicle detector.
In traffic control unit we use five light unit which include red green
and yellow led bulbs. Both the roads in to our college is considered in this
project. Proper traffic in this region is implemented by proper timing of this
lights. For proper traffic control here we use a packing technology. Loadsell
is used detect overloading vehicle and also can be used to detect the presents
of the vehicle.each vehicle registered in the college will be given a barcode
strip which include details of that vehicle. This barcode strip is sensed by an
RFID and produced a particular output. The vehicle without a barcode is
considered as privet vehicle.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
The block diagram consists of mainly six
blocks. They are
- Traffic control unit
- Microcontroller
- RF ID (Radio Frequency Identification)
- Pressure load cell
BLOCK DIAGRAM DISCRIBTION
1. TRAFFIC CONTROL UNIT.
This unit controls the traffic with the help of seven units of lights. It
is used to implement maximum transportation in accurate timing by implementing
packing technology.
2. MICROCONTROLLER.
8051 microcontroller
is used for this project. It is a 16 bit microcontroller.
3. RF ID
RFID stands for Radio-Frequency IDentification.
The acronym refers to small electronic devices that consist of a small chip and
an antenna. The chip typically is capable of carrying 2,000 bytes of data or
less.
The RFID device serves
the same purpose as a bar code or a magnetic strip on the back of a credit card
or ATM card; it provides a unique identifier for that object. And, just as a
bar code or magnetic strip must be scanned to get the information, the RFID
device must be scanned to retrieve the identifying information.
Each vehicle register in
the college is tied with a RFID, which consist of the whole in formation about
the vehicle and the owner. I.e. name of owner, capacity of vehicle, vehicle
number etc.
4. IR SENSORS
All objects emit some form of thermal radiation, usually in the infrared spectrum. This radiation is invisible
to our eyes, but can be detected by an infrared sensor
that accepts and interprets it. In a typical infrared sensor
like a motion detector, radiation
enters the front and reaches the sensor itself at the center of the device.
An infrared sensor is an
electronic device that emits and/or detects infrared
radiation in order to sense some
aspect of its surroundings. Infrared sensors can
measure the heat of an object, as well as detect motion. Many of these types of sensors
only measure infrared radiation,
rather than emitting it, and thus are known as passive infrared (PIR) sensors.
5. LOAD
CELL
Load cell used here is a pressure load cell. It is used to measure the
weight of the in coming vehicle.
6. STEPPER
MOTOR
A
stepper motor is an electromechanical device which converts electrical pulses
into discrete mechanical moments. The shaft or spindle of stepper motor rotates
in discrete step increments when
electrical command pulses are applied to it in the proper sequence. The motors
rotation has several direct relationships to these applied input pulses.
Here stepper motor is connected to the gates. It is to close the gate is
an over load or a private vehicle is detected.
FLOW CHART
|
NO ;
|
STATE1
|
STATE 2
|
STATE 3
|
STATE 4
|
STATE 5
|
STATE 6
|
STATE 7
|
STATE 8
|
|
1
|
10 G
|
15 G
|
10 R
|
10 R
|
6 R
|
5 R
|
5 R
|
10R
|
|
2
|
10 R
|
15 R
|
10 R
|
10 R
|
6 R
|
5 R
|
5 R
|
10Y
|
|
3
|
10 R
|
15 R
|
10 R
|
10 R
|
6 Y
|
5 Y
|
5 G
|
10G
|
|
4
|
10 G
|
15 G
|
10 G
|
10 G
|
6 G
|
5 R
|
5 R
|
10R
|
|
5
|
10 G
|
15 G
|
10 G
|
10 G
|
6 G
|
5 G
|
5 G
|
10R
|
|
6
|
10 G
|
15 G
|
10 G
|
10 G
|
6G
|
5 G
|
5 G
|
10 G
|
|
7
|
10 G
|
15 R
|
10 R
|
10 Y
|
6 G
|
5 G
|
5 G
|
10 G
|
|
STATE 9
|
STATE 10
|
STATE 11
|
STATE 12
|
STATE13
|
STATE 14
|
|
5R
|
5R
|
5R
|
5R
|
32R
|
10Y
|
|
5G
|
5G
|
5G
|
5G
|
32R
|
10R
|
|
5G
|
5G
|
5R
|
5R
|
32R
|
10R
|
|
5R
|
5Y
|
5Y
|
5G
|
32G
|
10G
|
|
5Y
|
5Y
|
5G
|
5G
|
32G
|
10G
|
|
5G
|
5G
|
5G
|
5G
|
32G
|
10G
|
|
5G
|
5G
|
5G
|
5G
|
32G
|
10G
|
States are
represented in table above.
|
SCHEDULE &
DELAY
|
G1
|
R1
|
Y1
|
G2
|
R2
|
Y2
|
G3
|
R3
|
|
1,
10sec
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
2,
15sec
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
3,
10sec
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
4,
10sec
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
5,
6sec
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
6,
5sec
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
7,
5sec
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
8,
10sec
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
9,
5sec
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
10,
5sec
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
11,
5sec
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
12,
5sec
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
13,
32sec
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
14,
10sec
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y3
|
G4
|
R4
|
Y4
|
G5
|
R5
|
Y5
|
G6
|
R6
|
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y6
|
G7
|
R7
|
Y7
|
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
PCB LAYOUT
The expanded form of PCB is Printed Circuit Board. As the name
indicates, the circuit is printed on a board cladded with copper. The main need
for PCB is to avoid the complexity and unwanted wires in the circuit. It makes circuit
compact.
Drawing of the circuit is done through EAGLE (Easy Application Graphics
Layout Editor) schematic capture software. It includes many libraries with
thousands of components symbols. We can select the required symbols from the
library and place it in the schematic. After placing the components symbol, we
can complete the interconnection using the wire or bus control.
PCB DESIGN
PCB Design procedure
·
Prepare the PCB layout
of the circuit in a graph sheet.
·
Cut the copper clad
sheet in proper dimension and wash it.
·
Trace the PCB layout
on the copper clad sheet.
·
PCB layout is coasted with paint or sticker.
·
Prepare the ferric
chloride solution.
·
Dip the PCB into
ferric chloride solution for etching on printed surface.
·
Wash cleanly with
detergent.
·
Drill the hole in
necessary position.
SOLDERING
Soldering is the process of joining two or more similar or dissimilar
metals by melting another metal having lower melting point.
SOLDERING FLUXES
In order to make the surface accept the solder readily, the components
terminals should be free from oxides and other obstructing films. Soldering
flux cleans the oxides from the surface of the metal. Zinc chloride, ammonium
chloride and rosin are the commonly used fluxes.
SOLDERIG
Solder is used for joining two or
metals at temperature below their melting point. The popularly used solders are
alloys of Tin (60%) and led (40%) that melts at 375f and solidifies when it
cools.
SOLDERING IRON
It is used to melt the solder and apply at
the joints in the circuit.
TESTING
& HYPOTHESIS
First we measured the length of the 2
roads to the college and calculated the average time & average speed of the
vehicle to reach each point which is given in the map by theoretical method and
by trial and error method this speed and time is given in the table below.
MERITS
&DEMERITS
MERITS
·
This system provides
security in colleges and school.
·
Over loading in
vehicles can be detected.
·
Accidents and traffic
blocks can be avoided by proper traffic control.
·
Entries of unwanted
persons to collage can be avoided by means of private vehicle detector.
·
It is a simple circuit
which provides maximum transportation in accurate time intervals.
DEMERITS
·
It is a semiautomatic
system.
APPLICATION
We designed this system to avoid
traffic problems in KMCTCE area. The modified version of this system can be
used in school and collages, which is situated in highly traffic area or
junctions. The over load detector and private vehicle detector has a wide
application. Over load detector can be used to detect over load in vehicles
when they enter into small over-brides and junctions, this helps in reduction
of accidents. Whereas private vehicle detector helps to avoid unwanted
entireties to collages and other big institution.
FUTURE
SCOPE
This system can be extended to other
institutions according to their requirements and needs. If more systems like
over speed detector, parking control system, alcohol detector etc are
incorporated with our system it would increase the efficiency of the system.
Each subsystem in our project has a variety of application. If the cameras are established in the system it
will be flashed if any disorder occurs in the traffic and thus caught the over
speed or over loaded vehicles. Efficiency can be increased by lessening
corruption and bribery.
CONCLUSION
This project
was very informative and helped us to learn more about present traffic
problems. We hope our project gives major resolutions to these problems. The
designed system would be beneficial and efficient in other colleges and institution
too.
The no. of vehicles is increasing
day by day. Our roads are not convenient to accommodate these vehicles. In such
circumstance this project has a wide importance. Each subsystem in this project
can also be implemented separately. This gives our project more importance.
We take this opportunity to thank every one who contributed directly or
indirectly in the success of our project.
PROGRAM
AGAIN:MOV
A,#24H
MOV B,#29H
MOV R2,#11H
MOV P0,A
MOV P1,B
MOV P3,R2
MOV R1,#05
ACALL DELAY
MOV A,#22H
MOV B,#29H
MOV R2,#11H
MOV P0,A
MOV P1,B
MOV P3,R2
MOV R1,#07
ACALL DELAY
MOV A,#22H
MOV B,#29H
MOV R2,#19H
MOV P0,A
MOV P1,B
MOV P3,R2
MOV R1,#05
ACALL DELAY
MOV A,#21H
MOV B,#29H
MOV R2,#09H
MOV P0,A
MOV P1,B
MOV P3,R2
MOV R1,#05
ACALL DELAY
MOV A,#24H
MOV B,#19H
MOV R2,#09H
MOV P0,A
MOV P1,B
MOV P3,R2
MOV R1,#03
ACALL DELAY
MOV A,#24H
MOV B,#15H
MOV R2,#09H
MOV P0,A
MOV P1,B
MOV P3,R2
MOV R1,#03
ACALL DELAY
MOV A,#24H
MOV B, #45H
MOV R2,#09H
MOV P0,A
MOV P1,B
MOV P3,R2
MOV R1,#03
ACALL DELAY
MOV A,#A4H
MOV B,#C4H
MOV R2,#08H
MOV P0,A
MOV P1,B
MOV P3,R2
MOV R1,#05
ACALL DELAY
MOV A,#64H
MOV B,#44H
MOV R2,#0AH
MOV P0,A
MOV P1,B
MOV P3,R2
MOV R1,#03
ACALL DELAY
MOV A,#64H
MOV B,#42H
MOV R2,#09H
MOV P0,A
MOV P1,B
MOV P,R3
MOV R1,#03
ACALL DELAY
MOV A,#24H
MOV B,#23H
MOV R2,#0AH
MOV P0,A
MOV P1,B
MOV P3,R2
MOV R1,#03
ACALL DELAY
MOV A,#24H
MOV B,#29H
MOV R2,#0AH
MOV P0,A
MOVP1,B
MOV P3,R2
MOV R1,#03
ACALL DELAY
MOV A,#24H
MOV B,#29H
MOV R2,#09H
MOV P0,A
MOV P1,B
MOV P3,R2
MOV R1,#16
ACALL DELAY
MOV A,#24H
MOV B,#29H
MOV R2,#05H
MOV P0,A
MOV P1,B
MOV P3,R2
MOV R1,#05
ACALL DELAY
SJMP AGAIN
DELAY: MOV TMOD,#10H
REPT: MOV R0,#20H
CPL P2.4
BACK: MOV TL1,#00H
MOV TH1,#00H
SETB TR1
AGAIN: JNB TF1,AGAIN
CLR TR1
CLR TF1
DJNZ R0,BACK
DJNZ R1,REPT
RET
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